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Countries

Country by country guides to European rail: how each network works, booking quirks, pass value and routes worth knowing, across 33 countries.

Alpine lakeside village in AustriaAustriaAustria's ÖBB trains run on 100% renewable energy, with 96% punctuality and scenic Alpine routes linking major cities and neighbouring countries.Waterfront houses in Dinant, BelgiumBelgiumBelgium has over 3,600 kilometres of rail; Brussels links major cities, with international high-speed trains to London, Paris, Amsterdam and Germany.ŽFBH locomotive 441-913 hauling the Talgo train from Sarajevo to Čapljina through the hills near ŠurmanciBosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina's Sarajevo to Mostar train runs twice daily through the Neretva gorge; its two rail networks have no passenger link.Town in the Bulgarian hills at sunsetBulgariaBulgaria's railway network spans over 4,000 km, with Sofia as its hub, scenic mountain routes, Black Sea links and trains to Bucharest and Istanbul.Dubrovnik old town and harbor on the Adriatic coastCroatiaCroatia's rail network centres on Zagreb, reaching Split, Rijeka and Osijek, but trains do not run south of Split or to Dubrovnik.Trains in CzechiaCzechiaCzechia has over 9,500 km of rail, with generally affordable České dráhy trains linking major cities, towns and villages.Trains in DenmarkDenmarkDenmark's DSB network links major cities with frequent IC3 trains; optional reservations cost DKK 30 and international services run to Sweden and Germany.Tallinn tram passing St. Olaf's Church in EstoniaEstoniaElron connects Tallinn with Tartu in about 2 hours 5 minutes, plus Narva, Viljandi and Valga; Balti Jaam is the usual city-centre station.VR train at Helsinki Central Station in FinlandFinlandVR runs long-distance trains between Finnish cities, while HSL handles Helsinki-area travel; night trains reach Rovaniemi, Kolari and Kemijärvi in Lapland.Pont Alexandre III bridge in Paris at duskFranceFrance uses TGV INOUI and OUIGO for high-speed travel, INTERCITÉS on longer routes and TER regionally; most high-speed trains require advance seat reservations.Trains in GermanyGermanyGermany's rail network is mainly operated by Deutsche Bahn (DB), with ICE high-speed links between major cities and regional trains serving smaller towns.Kalavryta railway station platform and tracks surrounded by trees in GreeceGreeceHellenic Train runs the main Athens to Thessaloniki route in about 4 hours, passing Mount Olympus. No direct international trains currently operate.Budapest skyline and the Danube at duskHungaryHungary links Budapest to Vienna in 2 hours 20 minutes by Railjet; Prague takes 6 hours 30 minutes by EuroCity. Domestic IC trains require reservations.DART train crossing a railway overpass in Dublin, IrelandIrelandIreland's rail network is Dublin-centred: Irish Rail links Cork, Galway and Belfast; DART serves the coast, and Leap can save up to 30% versus cash singles.Florence skyline at sunset in ItalyItalyItaly's rail network links major cities with high-speed Frecciarossa and Italo trains; Trenitalia also runs extensive regional services.Riga skyline in Latvia at sunsetLatviaLatvia's affordable rail network centres on Riga, with trains to Jūrmala's beaches and cities such as Daugavpils, Liepāja and Jelgava.Vilnius old town skyline in LithuaniaLithuaniaLTG Link connects Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda, with trains to Warsaw and Riga. International routes require seat reservations.Luxembourg City skyline at duskLuxembourgLuxembourg's CFL network offers free domestic 2nd-class train travel and international links to Paris, Brussels and Trier.A ŽPCG electric passenger train on the Podgorica to Nikšić line in the Montenegrin countrysideMontenegroMontenegro has two passenger lines; the scenic Belgrade to Bar route takes about 11 hours, while no railway reaches Kotor or Budva.Amsterdam canal with bicycles and bridgeNetherlandsMost domestic trains are run by NS, linking Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht; Eurostar connects Amsterdam with London, Paris and Brussels.Railway tracks through a mountain landscape in North MacedoniaNorth MacedoniaNorth Macedonia's domestic trains run from Skopje to Bitola, Gevgelija, Veles and Kumanovo, with one to four daily services; international trains are suspended.Trains in NorwayNorwayNorway's 4,109-kilometre rail network links Oslo to Bodø, with scenic Bergen and Flåm lines and Airport Express trains to central Oslo.Trains in PolandPolandPoland's PKP Intercity trains link Warsaw, Kraków, Gdańsk and Wrocław, with EIP services reaching 200 km/h and direct trains to Berlin, Vienna and Prague.Porto waterfront with boats on the Douro RiverPortugalCP links Lisbon, Porto and the Algarve. Alfa Pendular trains take under 3 hours from Lisbon to Porto; AP and IC services require seat reservations.CFR Călători regional train near Timișoara Nord, RomaniaRomaniaRomania's CFR Călători runs domestic trains between major cities, with seasonal Black Sea services and international connections; fares are shown in RON.Trains in SerbiaSerbiaSerbia's Soko trains run from Belgrade to Subotica in around 1 hour 20 minutes; the scenic Belgrade to Bar route takes about 11 hours.Trains in SlovakiaSlovakiaSlovakia's rail network links Bratislava, Vienna and Košice, with Bratislava to Vienna taking about 1 hour and free ZSSK travel for eligible passengers.SŽ passenger train at Ljubljana station, SloveniaSloveniaSlovenia's SŽ network centres on Ljubljana, with rail links to Maribor, Celje and Koper; Bled has two rail stops, so check the onward transfer.Madrid city skyline in SpainSpainSpain's rail network connects Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Valencia, with Renfe operating AVE high-speed and regional services nationwide.Red cabins and mountains in northern SwedenSwedenSweden's 15,006 km rail network links major cities via SJ, VR and regional services, with scenic northern routes and connections to Norway and Denmark.Swiss alpine valley with mountains and forestSwitzerlandSwitzerland's nearly all-electric 5,200 km rail network integrates trains, buses, boats and cable cars; SBB runs most services.Empty historic platform at Sirkeci railway station in Istanbul, with an ironwork canopy, columns, and tracks lit in warm afternoon light.TurkeyTurkey has four YHT corridors and daily overnight trains east of Ankara; Interrail and Eurail cover TCDD trains but exclude Marmaray and Turistik Doğu Ekspresi.UK trainsUnited KingdomBritain's 9,848-mile rail network serves 2,585 stations; Advance fares are cheapest, while Anytime tickets offer the most flexibility.